Housing, water, electricity & gas
The biggest category in most household budgets. In France, the 'bouclier tarifaire' (tariff shield) capped energy price rises in 2022–2023, keeping this lower than in neighbouring countries. Electricity prices are regulated by the CRE (Commission de régulation de l'énergie).
Year-on-year change — 2025-12
-1.3%
Prices in this category fell 1.3% over the past year. What cost €100 last year now costs €99.
Trend vs Headline Inflation
Housing, water, electricity & gas compared to headline CPI. When the solid line is above the dashed line, this category is rising faster than average.
How to read this chart
Each point shows how much more (or less) this category costs compared to the same month a year earlier. When the line is at 5%, a basket that cost €100 last year now costs €105. The dashed line shows headline inflation — it helps you see whether this category is rising faster or slower than average.